Also: neodymium magnets, NdFeB, lanthanides
Rare earths like neodymium make the strongest permanent magnets, used in motors and wind turbines. Recycling them is a major research area.
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Binnemans and colleagues reviewed ways to recover rare earths from waste.
As reported in: Binnemans, Jones, Blanpain et al. (2013). Recycling of rare earths: a critical review. Journal of Cleaner Production. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.12.037
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Sagawa and colleagues introduced Nd-Fe-B, now the strongest common permanent magnet.
Built / tested: permanent magnets
As reported in: Sagawa, Fujimura, Togawa et al. (1984). New material for permanent magnets on a base of Nd and Fe (invited). Journal of Applied Physics. doi:10.1063/1.333572
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Gutfleisch and colleagues reviewed magnetic materials, including rare-earth magnets, for efficient energy technology.
As reported in: Gutfleisch, Willard, Brück et al. (2010). Magnetic Materials and Devices for the 21st Century: Stronger, Lighter, and More Energy Efficient. Advanced Materials. doi:10.1002/adma.201002180
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