Takasato and colleagues grew kidney organoids from human stem cells.
Publisher update notice: erratum
As reported in: Takasato, Er, Chiu et al. (2015). Kidney organoids from human iPS cells contain multiple lineages and model human nephrogenesis. Nature. doi:10.1038/nature15695
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Lancaster and Knoblich reviewed organoid technologies.
As reported in: Lancaster, Knoblich (2014). Organogenesis in a dish: Modeling development and disease using organoid technologies. Science. doi:10.1126/science.1247125
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Song and colleagues regenerated rat kidneys on decellularized scaffolds that produced urine after transplantation.
Built / tested: bioengineered rat kidney
As reported in: Song, Guyette, Gilpin et al. (2013). Regeneration and experimental orthotopic transplantation of a bioengineered kidney. Nature Medicine. doi:10.1038/nm.3154
Lancaster and colleagues grew cerebral organoids that model brain development and microcephaly.
As reported in: Lancaster, Renner, Martin et al. (2013). Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly. Nature. doi:10.1038/nature12517
Perry and colleagues passaged Leishmania donovani in mice drinking arsenic-contaminated water; after five passages the parasites were completely resistant to the antimonial drug Pentostam, supporting the idea that arsenic contamination may have helped drive antimonial resistance in Bihar, India.
As reported in: Perry, Wyllie, Raab et al. (2013). Chronic exposure to arsenic in drinking water can lead to resistance to antimonial drugs in a mouse model of visceral leishmaniasis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.1311535110
Johnson and colleagues found a small molecule, kartogenin, that pushes stem cells toward cartilage and aided repair in mice.
As reported in: Johnson, Zhu, Tremblay et al. (2012). A Stem Cell–Based Approach to Cartilage Repair. Science. doi:10.1126/science.1215157
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Geldmacher, Oleszak and Sheldrick reviewed rhodium(III) and iridium(III) complexes as anticancer agents.
As reported in: Geldmacher, Oleszak, Sheldrick (2012). Rhodium(III) and iridium(III) complexes as anticancer agents. Inorganica Chimica Acta. doi:10.1016/j.ica.2012.06.046
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A review of research on chitin- and chitosan-based materials studied for wound dressings (descriptive only).
Built / tested: dressing materials
As reported in: Jayakumar, Prabaharan, Sudheesh Kumar et al. (2011). Biomaterials based on chitin and chitosan in wound dressing applications. Biotechnology Advances. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.01.005
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Petersen and colleagues rebuilt rat lungs on decellularized scaffolds and briefly implanted them.
Built / tested: engineered rat lungs
As reported in: Petersen, Calle, Zhao et al. (2010). Tissue-Engineered Lungs for in Vivo Implantation. Science. doi:10.1126/science.1189345
Sato and colleagues grew gut crypt-villus structures from single Lgr5 stem cells.
As reported in: Sato, Vries, Snippert et al. (2009). Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche. Nature. doi:10.1038/nature07935
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Loetscher and colleagues found argon protected mouse hippocampal slice cultures in lab models of oxygen-glucose deprivation and traumatic brain injury, even when given three hours after the injury.
As reported in: Loetscher, Rossaint, Rossaint et al. (2009). Argon: Neuroprotection in in vitro models of cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury. Critical Care. doi:10.1186/cc8214
Ott and colleagues stripped cells from rat hearts and reseeded the scaffolds, which began to beat.
Built / tested: bioartificial rat heart
As reported in: Ott, Matthiesen, Goh et al. (2008). Perfusion-decellularized matrix: using nature's platform to engineer a bioartificial heart. Nature Medicine. doi:10.1038/nm1684
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Mygind and colleagues grew mesenchymal stem cells on coralline hydroxyapatite scaffolds.
As reported in: Mygind, Stiehler, Baatrup et al. (2007). Mesenchymal stem cell ingrowth and differentiation on coralline hydroxyapatite scaffolds. Biomaterials. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.10.003
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Takahashi and colleagues reprogrammed adult human skin cells into pluripotent stem cells.
Built / tested: human iPS cells
As reported in: Takahashi, Tanabe, Ohnuki et al. (2007). Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Adult Human Fibroblasts by Defined Factors. Cell. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.11.019
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Yu and colleagues independently made human iPS cell lines using a different set of factors.
Built / tested: human iPS cells
As reported in: Yu, Vodyanik, Smuga-Otto et al. (2007). Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Somatic Cells. Science. doi:10.1126/science.1151526
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Kaneko and colleagues used gallium, which can substitute for iron, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: it inhibited growth and biofilm formation, killed bacteria in vitro, and was effective in two mouse lung-infection models.
As reported in: Kaneko, Thoendel, Olakanmi et al. (2007). The transition metal gallium disrupts Pseudomonas aeruginosa iron metabolism and has antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. Journal of Clinical Investigation. doi:10.1172/jci30783
Takahashi and Yamanaka showed four transcription factors could turn mouse skin cells into pluripotent stem cells.
Built / tested: mouse iPS cells
As reported in: Takahashi, Yamanaka (2006). Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors. Cell. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024
Giarratana and colleagues produced fully mature human red blood cells from blood stem cells in the lab.
Built / tested: cultured red blood cells
As reported in: Giarratana, Kobari, Lapillonne et al. (2005). Ex vivo generation of fully mature human red blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells. Nature Biotechnology. doi:10.1038/nbt1047
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Made porous 3D silk sponges using a water-based process, as scaffolds for tissue research (descriptive only).
Built / tested: porous scaffolds
As reported in: Kim, Park, Joo Kim et al. (2005). Three-dimensional aqueous-derived biomaterial scaffolds from silk fibroin. Biomaterials. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.07.044
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Described bacterial cellulose tubes (sold under the name BASYC) and reported their testing as small artificial blood vessels in rat experiments (descriptive only).
Built / tested: bacterial cellulose tubes
As reported in: Klemm, Schumann, Udhardt et al. (2001). Bacterial synthesized cellulose — artificial blood vessels for microsurgery. Progress in Polymer Science. doi:10.1016/s0079-6700(01)00021-1
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Nakai, Ohkura and Imoto built G-CaMP, a calcium probe made from a single green fluorescent protein, which binds Ca2+ with an apparent Kd of 235 nM and showed large fluorescence changes in cultured cells.
Built / tested: G-CaMP
As reported in: Nakai, Ohkura, Imoto (2001). A high signal-to-noise Ca2+ probe composed of a single green fluorescent protein. Nature Biotechnology. doi:10.1038/84397
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Thomson and colleagues derived the first human embryonic stem cell lines from blastocysts.
Built / tested: human ES cell lines
As reported in: Thomson, Itskovitz-Eldor, Shapiro et al. (1998). Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocysts. Science. doi:10.1126/science.282.5391.1145
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Grynkiewicz, Poenie and Tsien made a new family of fluorescent Ca2+ indicators that were up to 30 times brighter than the earlier dye quin2 and change wavelength, not just brightness, when they bind calcium.
As reported in: Grynkiewicz, Poenie, Tsien (1985). A new generation of Ca2+ indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties.. Journal of Biological Chemistry. doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)83641-4
Hemmilä and colleagues developed an immunoassay using europium(III) labels measured by time-resolved fluorometry, detecting europium down to 5 × 10^-14 M.
As reported in: Hemmilä, Dakubu, Mukkala et al. (1984). Europium as a label in time-resolved immunofluorometric assays. Analytical Biochemistry. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(84)90095-2
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Evans and Kaufman established pluripotent cell lines grown from mouse embryos.
Built / tested: mouse ES cell lines
As reported in: Evans, Kaufman (1981). Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. Nature. doi:10.1038/292154a0
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Gail Martin independently isolated a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos and coined the term embryonic stem cell.
Built / tested: mouse ES cell lines
As reported in: Martin (1981). Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.78.12.7634
Clark and Gollan showed mice could survive breathing perfluorocarbon liquid saturated with oxygen, launching interest in fluorocarbon oxygen carriers.
As reported in: Clark, Gollan (1966). Survival of Mammals Breathing Organic Liquids Equilibrated with Oxygen at Atmospheric Pressure. Science. doi:10.1126/science.152.3730.1755
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Marshall Urist showed demineralized bone matrix could induce new bone to form, leading to the discovery of bone morphogenetic proteins.
As reported in: Urist (1965). Bone: Formation by Autoinduction. Science. doi:10.1126/science.150.3698.893
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Palade showed that acidification during osmium tetroxide fixation distorts cells seen by electron microscopy, and that buffering the fixative near neutral pH greatly improved preservation.
As reported in: Palade (1952). A STUDY OF FIXATION FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY. Journal of Experimental Medicine. doi:10.1084/jem.95.3.285